During extreme heat conditions, the Philadelphia Health Commissioner declares a heat emergency whenever the temperature and relative humidity index exceeds 105?F.  Call the Heat Emergency Hotline at 215-765-9040 for more information.

HEAT-RELATED ILLNESSES

When the body cannot cool itself fast enough and the body’s core temperature rises, heat- related illnesses occur.  Symptoms can range from mild dizziness to seizures.  Here are the illnesses that extreme heat can cause.

HEAT CRAMPS

Heat cramps are muscle pains and spasms resulting from heavy exertion. They are a warning sign that the body is having trouble coping with heat.  Immediately rest and drink non-caffeinated fluids.  Stretching or direct pressure can also reduce cramps. Unless very severe, heat cramps do not require emergency medical attention.

HEAT EXHAUSTION

Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses fluids through heavy sweating, and is caused by vigorous exercise or working in a hot, humid place. Symptoms include sweating; pale, clammy skin; fatigue; headache; dizziness; shallow breaths; and a weak or rapid pulse.  Victims of heat exhaustion are tired but not confused. Anyone suffering from heat exhaustion should rest in a cool area, drink water or sports drinks, elevate the feet 12 inches, and seek further medical treatment in severe cases. If not treated, heat exhaustion can escalate into heat stroke. 

HEAT STROKE

Heat stroke (also called “sunstroke”) happens when the body’s temperature control system stops working.  The body stops producing sweat; skin is flushed, hot and dry; and body temperature may be elevated. The victim may also be confused, develop seizures, breathe shallowly and have a weak or rapid pulse. This is the most serious heat-related illness, and people experiencing these symptoms should get immediate medical attention.  In an emergency, dial 9-1-1.  While waiting for help, move the person to a cool area, remove excess clothing, spray with water, and fan the person.

FOLLOW THESE TIPS TO STAY COOL

• Stay out of the sun. When in the sun, wear sunscreen (at least SPF 15).
• Avoid working or playing in the hot sun or other hot areas between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.
• To prevent sunburn, wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothes that cover as much skin as possible.
• Use shades or awnings in your home.
• Wear a wide-brimmed hat or visor, or use an umbrella for shade.
• Slow down. Rest in the shade or a cool place every  chance you get.
• Drink plenty of water. Avoid alcohol and caffeine.
• Maintain a normal diet.
• Use air conditioners and fans. If you use a fan, make sure your windows are open to release trapped hot air.
• Visit a friend with air conditioning or go some place cool like a mall, library, or senior center.
• Take a cool shower or bath.
• Read your medication labels. Some medications can cause an adverse reaction in hot weather.  Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you need more information.
• Never leave children, pets, or those who require special care in a parked car during periods of intense summer heat.